{"id":5090,"date":"2017-05-31T17:19:13","date_gmt":"2017-05-31T16:19:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.eurideastranslation.com\/?p=5090\/"},"modified":"2017-05-31T17:19:13","modified_gmt":"2017-05-31T16:19:13","slug":"a-harvard-linguist-reveals-the-most-misused-words-in-english","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.eurideas.com\/fr\/a-harvard-linguist-reveals-the-most-misused-words-in-english\/","title":{"rendered":"A Harvard linguist reveals the most misused words in English"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Some languages, like French, have an official body that decides how words can and cannot be used.<\/p>\n<p>English, as a flexible, global language, has no such designated referee.<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, there is no definitive answer to whether you&#8217;re using a word &#8220;correctly.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>It&#8217;s all a matter of taste and context. But there are opinions. And some count more than others.<\/p>\n<p>Steven Pinker is probably as good an expert to ask as anyone. Helpfully, the renowned Harvard linguist and best-selling author recently wrote a book, titled &#8220;The Sense of Style,&#8221; that aims to help readers improve their use of the English language.<\/p>\n<p>If you&#8217;re in the market for an update to, old Strunk and White, it&#8217;s probably a good buy. But if you just want to spot-check that you&#8217;ve not been making embarrassing language mistakes for years, a monster list of 58 commonly misused phrases covered in the book that recently appeared in the UK&#8217;s Independent newspaper is probably a good place to start.<\/p>\n<p>Here are some highlights:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Adverse<\/strong> means &#8220;detrimental.&#8221; It does not mean &#8220;averse&#8221; or &#8220;disinclined.&#8221; Correct: &#8220;There were adverse effects.&#8221; \/ &#8220;I&#8217;m not averse to doing that.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Appraise<\/strong> means to &#8220;ascertain the value of.&#8221; It does not mean to &#8220;apprise&#8221; or to &#8220;inform.&#8221; Correct: &#8220;I appraised the jewels.&#8221; \/ &#8220;I apprised him of the situation.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Beg the question<\/strong> means that a statement assumes the truth of what it should be proving; it does not mean to &#8220;raise the question.&#8221; Correct: &#8220;When I asked the dealer why I should pay more for the German car, he said I would be getting &#8216;German quality,&#8217; but that just begs the question.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bemused<\/strong> means &#8220;bewildered.&#8221; It does not mean &#8220;amused.&#8221; Correct: &#8220;The unnecessarily complex plot left me bemused.&#8221; \/ &#8220;The silly comedy amused me.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Clich\u00e9<\/strong> is a noun, not an adjective. The adjective is clich\u00e9d. Correct: &#8220;Shakespeare used a lot of clich\u00e9s.&#8221; \/ &#8220;The plot was so clich\u00e9d.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Data<\/strong> is a plural count noun not, standardly speaking, a mass noun. [Note: &#8220;Data is rarely used as a plural today, just as candelabra and agenda long ago ceased to be plurals,&#8221; Pinker writes. &#8220;But I still like it.&#8221;] Correct: &#8220;This datum supports the theory, but many of the other data refute it.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Depreciate<\/strong> means to &#8220;decrease in value.&#8221; It does not mean to &#8220;deprecate&#8221; or to &#8220;disparage.&#8221; Correct: &#8220;My car has depreciated a lot over the years.&#8221; \/ &#8220;She deprecated his efforts.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Disinterested<\/strong> means &#8220;unbiased.&#8221; It does not mean &#8220;uninterested.&#8221; Correct: &#8220;The dispute should be resolved by a disinterested judge.&#8221; \/ &#8220;Why are you so uninterested in my story?&#8221;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Enormity<\/strong> refers to extreme evil. It does not mean &#8220;enormousness.&#8221; [Note: It is acceptable to use it to mean a deplorable enormousness.] Correct: &#8220;The enormity of the terrorist bombing brought bystanders to tears.&#8221; \/ &#8220;The enormousness of the homework assignment required several hours of work.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hone<\/strong> means to &#8220;sharpen.&#8221; It does not mean to &#8220;home in on&#8221; or &#8220;to converge upon.&#8221; Correct: &#8220;She honed her writing skills.&#8221; \/ &#8220;We&#8217;re homing in on a solution.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hung<\/strong> means &#8220;suspended.&#8221; It does not mean &#8220;suspended from the neck until dead.&#8221; Correct: &#8220;I hung the picture on my wall.&#8221; \/ &#8220;The prisoner was hanged.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ironic<\/strong> means &#8220;uncannily incongruent.&#8221; It does not mean &#8220;inconvenient&#8221; or &#8220;unfortunate.&#8221; Correct: &#8220;It was ironic that I forgot my textbook on human memory.&#8221; \/ &#8220;It was unfortunate that I forgot my textbook the night before the quiz.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nonplussed<\/strong> means &#8220;stunned&#8221; or &#8220;bewildered.&#8221; It does not mean &#8220;bored&#8221; or &#8220;unimpressed.&#8221; Correct: &#8220;The market crash left the experts nonplussed.&#8221; \/ &#8220;His market pitch left the investors unimpressed.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Parameter<\/strong> refers to a variable. It not mean &#8220;boundary condition&#8221; or &#8220;limit.&#8221; Correct: &#8220;The forecast is based on parameters like inflation and interest rates.&#8221; \/ &#8220;We need to work within budgetary limits.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Phenomena<\/strong> is a plural count noun \u2014 not a mass noun. Correct: &#8220;The phenomenon was intriguing, but it was only one of many phenomena gathered by the telescope.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>S<strong>hrunk, sprung, stunk,<\/strong> and <strong>sunk<\/strong> are past participles&#8211;not words in the past tense. Correct: &#8220;I&#8217;ve shrunk my shirt.&#8221; \/ &#8220;I shrank my shirt.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Simplistic<\/strong> means &#8220;naively or overly simple.&#8221; It does not mean &#8220;simple&#8221; or &#8220;pleasingly simple.&#8221; Correct: &#8220;His simplistic answer suggested he wasn&#8217;t familiar with the material.&#8221; \/ &#8220;She liked the chair&#8217;s simple look.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Verbal<\/strong> means &#8220;in linguistic form.&#8221; It does not mean &#8220;oral&#8221; or &#8220;spoken.&#8221; Correct: &#8220;Visual memories last longer than verbal ones.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Effect<\/strong> means &#8220;influence&#8221;; <strong>to effect<\/strong> means &#8220;to put into effect&#8221;; <strong>to affect<\/strong> means either &#8220;to influence&#8221; or &#8220;to fake.&#8221; Correct: &#8220;They had a big effect on my style.&#8221; \/ &#8220;The law effected changes at the school.&#8221; \/ &#8220;They affected my style.&#8221; \/ &#8220;He affected an air of sophistication to impress her parents.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lie<\/strong> (intransitive: lies, lay, has lain) means to &#8220;recline&#8221;; <strong>lay<\/strong> (transitive: lays, laid, has laid) means to &#8220;set down&#8221;; <strong>lie<\/strong> (intransitive: lies, lied, has lied) means to &#8220;fib.&#8221; Correct: &#8220;He lies on the couch all day.&#8221; \/ &#8220;He lays a book upon the table.&#8221; \/ &#8220;He lies about what he does.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It should be noted that while it&#8217;s always good to polish up your writing, one of the joys of language is that it isn&#8217;t fixed in time. It evolves. Nor is there a single &#8220;correct&#8221; style (in English, at least).<\/p>\n<p>You&#8217;d neither connect nor impress if you chose your words like an Oxford don at a rap battle (though, actually, someone please make that YouTube video), and you&#8217;d be unlikely to get a job at an investment bank today speaking like Shakespeare. Why is this important? It&#8217;s easy to get too caught up in being perfectly &#8220;correct&#8221; and become a tedious language snob. Remember you probably want to come across as intelligent and thoughtful, not uptight and pedantic. So don&#8217;t get so worked up over the little things that you miss the larger point of good writing \u2014 to communicate clearly and engagingly with your chosen audience.<\/p>\n<p>Source: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/a-harvard-linguist-reveals-the-most-misused-words-in-english-2015-12?utm_content=buffered0ec&#038;utm_medium=social&#038;utm_source=facebook.com&#038;utm_campaign=buffer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Business Insider<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Some languages, like French, have an official body that decides how words can and cannot be used. English, as a flexible, global language, has no such designated referee. Therefore, there is no definitive answer to whether you&#8217;re using a word &#8220;correctly.&#8221; It&#8217;s all a matter of taste and context. But there are opinions. And some [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":5091,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5090","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eurideas.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5090","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eurideas.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eurideas.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eurideas.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eurideas.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5090"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.eurideas.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5090\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eurideas.com\/fr\/wp-json\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.eurideas.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5090"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eurideas.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5090"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.eurideas.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5090"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}